利用卷积层的特征，神经网络对于模式识别任务非常有效。然而，在某些情况下，他们的决定基于意外信息，导致标准基准的高性能，而且还缺乏挑战测试条件和不行性失败的普遍性。最近的工作已被称为“快捷方式学习”并解决了它在多个域中的存在。在文本识别中，我们揭示了另一个这样的快捷方式，从而识别员依赖于本地图像统计信息。由此激励，我们建议一种方法来规范依赖于局限性统计的依赖，提高文本识别性能。我们称为TextAdain的方法在特征映射中创建了本地扭曲，这阻止网络从局部统计到局部统计。它通过将每个特征映射视为一个元素序列，并且故意在迷你批处理中的元素之间故意不匹配的细粒度特征统计信息。尽管TextAdain的简单性，但与其他更复杂的方法相比，广泛的实验表明其有效性。 TextAdain在标准手写文本识别基准上实现最先进的结果。此外，它概括为多个架构和场景文本识别域。此外，我们证明整合TextAdain改善了更具挑战性测试条件的鲁棒性。

Classical methods for acoustic scene mapping require the estimation of time difference of arrival (TDOA) between microphones. Unfortunately, TDOA estimation is very sensitive to reverberation and additive noise. We introduce an unsupervised data-driven approach that exploits the natural structure of the data. Our method builds upon local conformal autoencoders (LOCA) - an offline deep learning scheme for learning standardized data coordinates from measurements. Our experimental setup includes a microphone array that measures the transmitted sound source at multiple locations across the acoustic enclosure. We demonstrate that LOCA learns a representation that is isometric to the spatial locations of the microphones. The performance of our method is evaluated using a series of realistic simulations and compared with other dimensionality-reduction schemes. We further assess the influence of reverberation on the results of LOCA and show that it demonstrates considerable robustness.

Users' physical safety is an increasing concern as the market for intelligent systems continues to grow, where unconstrained systems may recommend users dangerous actions that can lead to serious injury. Covertly unsafe text, language that contains actionable physical harm, but requires further reasoning to identify such harm, is an area of particular interest, as such texts may arise from everyday scenarios and are challenging to detect as harmful. Qualifying the knowledge required to reason about the safety of various texts and providing human-interpretable rationales can shed light on the risk of systems to specific user groups, helping both stakeholders manage the risks of their systems and policymakers to provide concrete safeguards for consumer safety. We propose FARM, a novel framework that leverages external knowledge for trustworthy rationale generation in the context of safety. In particular, FARM foveates on missing knowledge in specific scenarios, retrieves this knowledge with attribution to trustworthy sources, and uses this to both classify the safety of the original text and generate human-interpretable rationales, combining critically important qualities for sensitive domains such as user safety. Furthermore, FARM obtains state-of-the-art results on the SafeText dataset, improving safety classification accuracy by 5.29 points.

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are supermassive black holes with luminous accretion disks found in some galaxies, and are thought to play an important role in galaxy evolution. However, traditional optical spectroscopy for identifying AGN requires time-intensive observations. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to distinguish AGN host galaxies from non-active galaxies using a sample of 210,000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies. We evaluate the CNN on 33,000 galaxies that are spectrally classified as composites, and find correlations between galaxy appearances and their CNN classifications, which hint at evolutionary processes that affect both galaxy morphology and AGN activity. With the advent of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and other wide-field imaging telescopes, deep learning methods will be instrumental for quickly and reliably shortlisting AGN samples for future analyses.

The increasing reliance on online communities for healthcare information by patients and caregivers has led to the increase in the spread of misinformation, or subjective, anecdotal and inaccurate or non-specific recommendations, which, if acted on, could cause serious harm to the patients. Hence, there is an urgent need to connect users with accurate and tailored health information in a timely manner to prevent such harm. This paper proposes an innovative approach to suggesting reliable information to participants in online communities as they move through different stages in their disease or treatment. We hypothesize that patients with similar histories of disease progression or course of treatment would have similar information needs at comparable stages. Specifically, we pose the problem of predicting topic tags or keywords that describe the future information needs of users based on their profiles, traces of their online interactions within the community (past posts, replies) and the profiles and traces of online interactions of other users with similar profiles and similar traces of past interaction with the target users. The result is a variant of the collaborative information filtering or recommendation system tailored to the needs of users of online health communities. We report results of our experiments on an expert curated data set which demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over the state of the art baselines with respect to accurate and timely prediction of topic tags (and hence information sources of interest).

As large language models (LLMs) grow larger and more sophisticated, assessing their "reasoning" capabilities in natural language grows more challenging. Recent question answering (QA) benchmarks that attempt to assess reasoning are often limited by a narrow scope of covered situations and subject matters. We introduce WikiWhy, a QA dataset built around a novel auxiliary task: explaining why an answer is true in natural language. WikiWhy contains over 9,000 "why" question-answer-rationale triples, grounded on Wikipedia facts across a diverse set of topics. Each rationale is a set of supporting statements connecting the question to the answer. WikiWhy serves as a benchmark for the reasoning capabilities of LLMs because it demands rigorous explicit rationales for each answer to demonstrate the acquisition of implicit commonsense knowledge, which is unlikely to be easily memorized. GPT-3 baselines achieve only 38.7% human-evaluated correctness in the end-to-end answer & explain condition, leaving significant room for future improvements.

在各种控制任务域中，现有控制器提供了基线的性能水平，虽然可能是次优的 - 应维护。依赖于国家和行动空间的广泛探索的强化学习（RL）算法可用于优化控制策略。但是，完全探索性的RL算法可能会在训练过程中降低低于基线水平的性能。在本文中，我们解决了控制政策的在线优化问题，同时最大程度地减少了遗憾的W.R.T基线政策绩效。我们提出了一个共同的仿制学习框架，表示乔尔。 JIRL中的学习过程假设了基线策略的可用性，并设计了两个目标\ textbf {（a）}利用基线的在线演示，以最大程度地减少培训期间的遗憾W.R.T的基线策略，\ textbf {（b） }最终超过了基线性能。 JIRL通过最初学习模仿基线策略并逐渐将控制从基线转移到RL代理来解决这些目标。实验结果表明，JIRR有效地实现了几个连续的动作空间域中的上述目标。结果表明，JIRL在最终性能中与最先进的算法相当，同时在所有提出的域中训练期间都会降低基线后悔。此外，结果表明，对于最先进的基线遗憾最小化方法，其基线后悔的减少因素最高为21美元。

深度神经网络（DNNS）的边缘训练是持续学习的理想目标。但是，这受到训练所需的巨大计算能力的阻碍。硬件近似乘数表明，它们在获得DNN推理加速器中获得资源效率的有效性；但是，使用近似乘数的培训在很大程度上尚未开发。为了通过支持DNN培训的近似乘数来构建有效的资源加速器，需要对不同DNN体系结构和不同近似乘数进行彻底评估。本文介绍了近似值，这是一个开源框架，允许使用模拟近似乘数快速评估DNN训练和推理。近似值与TensorFlow（TF）一样用户友好，仅需要对DNN体系结构的高级描述以及近似乘数的C/C ++功能模型。我们通过使用GPU（AMSIM）上的基于基于LUT的近似浮点（FP）乘数模拟器来提高乘数在乘数级别的模拟速度。近似值利用CUDA并有效地将AMSIM集成到张量库中，以克服商业GPU中的本机硬件近似乘数的缺乏。我们使用近似值来评估使用LENET和RESNETS体系结构的小型和大型数据集（包括Imagenet）的近似乘数的DNN训练的收敛性和准确性。与FP32和BFLOAT16乘数相比，评估表明测试准确性相似的收敛行为和可忽略不计的变化。与训练和推理中基于CPU的近似乘数模拟相比，GPU加速近似值快2500倍以上。基于具有本地硬件乘数的高度优化的闭合源Cudnn/Cublas库，原始张量量仅比近似值快8倍。

A*算法通常用于求解NP-HARD组合优化问题。当提供准确的启发式函数时，A*可以解决溶液深度多项式的时间复杂性中的此类问题。这一事实意味着许多此类问题的准确启发式近似也是NP-HARD。在这种情况下，我们研究了一系列最新出版物，这些出版物建议使用深神网络进行启发式近似。我们断言这些作品遭受了固有的可伸缩性限制，因为在假设p $ \ ne $ np的假设下，这种方法导致（a）网络在实例大小中呈指数级的网络大小，或者（b）启发式近似准确性与实例大小相反。我们的主张得到了三个代表性的NP搜索问题的实验结果的支持，这些搜索问题表明，将深层神经网络准确地拟合到启发式功能上需要将网络大小与实例大小成倍扩展。

近年来，自动对色素，非色素和脱发的非胸膜皮肤病变的分类引起了很多关注。但是，皮肤纹理，病变形状，脱位对比度，照明条件等的成像变化。阻碍了鲁棒的特征提取，从而影响分类精度。在本文中，我们提出了一个新的深神经网络，该网络利用输入数据进行鲁棒特征提取。具体而言，我们分析了卷积网络的行为（视野），以找到深度监督的位置，以改善特征提取。为了实现这一目标，首先，我们执行激活映射以生成对象掩码，突出显示对分类输出生成最重要的输入区域。然后，选择层的有效接收场的网络层与对象掩模中的近似对象形状相匹配，以作为我们进行深度监督的焦点。利用三个黑色素瘤检测数据集和两个白癜风检测数据集上的不同类型的卷积特征提取器和分类器，我们验证了新方法的有效性。